Bio-control of white and brown rot in beech and spruce wood using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of wood and paper science and technology

2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology

Abstract

Nowadays, new and environmentally-friendly methods of wood preservation have been focused. One of these methods is the bio-protection of wood against destructive agents in which microorganisms are used to protect the wood instead of chemicals. The aim of this study was to protect the beech and spruce wood against white and brown rot using a bacterium extracted from beech (Bacillus amyloliquefacien). For this purpose, B. amyloliquefaciens was first placed in a dual culture medium against wood-destroying fungi and then in wood specimens. The results showed that this bacterium inhibited the growth of destructive fungi in both media. The studied bacterium is capable of producing chitinase, amylase, and cellulase enzymes and the microscopic study confirmed the results of weight loss tests. Overall, here, for the first time, B. amyloliquefaciens is proposed as an efficient bio-control of wood decay.  

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Zabel, R.A. and Morrell, J.J., 1992. Wood microbiology: decay and its prevention. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 476 p.
[2] Schmidt, O., 2007. Indoor wood-decay basidiomycetes: damage, causal fungi, physiology, identification and characterization, prevention and control. Mycological Progress, 6: 261-279.
[3] Baechler, R.H. and Gjovik, L.R., 1986. Looking back at 75 years of research in wood preservation at the U.S. forest products laboratory. In: Proceedings of the American Wood Preservers’ Association, 82:133-147
[4] Cook, R.J. and Baker, K.F., 1988. The nature and practice of biological control of plant pathogens. American Psychopathological Society, St. Paul Minnesota, USA, 539 p.
[5] Shahraki M., Heydari A. and Hasanzadeh N. 2009. Investigation of antibiotic, siderophore, volatile metabolites production by Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria. Iranian Journal of Biology, 22(1): 71-84. (In Persian)
[6] Hulme, M.A. and Shields, J.K., 1972. Interactions between fungi in wood blocks. Canadian Journal of Botany, 50: 1421-1427.
[7] Seifert, K.A., Hamilton, W.E., Breuil, C. and Best, M., 1987. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis C186 as a potential biological control of sapstain and mould on unseasoned lumber. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 33: 1102-1107.
[8] Fernando, W.G.D., Ramarathnam, R., Krishnamoorthy, A.S. and Savchuk, S.C., 2005. Identification and use of potential bacterial organic antifungal volatiles in biocontrol. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37:955-964.
[9] Macagnana, D., Romeiro, R.D.S., Pomellac, A.W.V. and De Souza, J.T., 2008. Production of lytic enzymes and siderophores, and inhibition of germination of basidiospores of Moniliophthora (ex Crinipellis) perniciosa by phyllo plane actinomycetes. Biological Control, 47: 309-314.
[10] Haas, D. and Défago, G., 2005. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent Pseudomonas. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3: 307-319.
[11] Compant, S., Duffy, B., Nowak, J., Clément, C. and Barka, E.A., 2005. Use of plant growth promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 4951-4959.
[12] Wood preservatives - Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes - Determination of the toxic values. EN 113 Standard, 1997.  
[13] Saechow, S., Thammasittirong, A. and Thammasittirong, S., 2016. In vitro inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis BAS114 against Curvularia lunata. Advances in Environmental Biology, 10(1): 176-183
[14] Yazdanparast, R. 1993. Screening for starch-hydrolyzing bacteria. Medical Journal of Islamic Republic of Iran, 7(1): 35-41. (In Persian)
[15] Su, Y.Y., Qi, Y.L. and Cai, L., 2012. Induction of sporulation in plant pathogenic fungi. Mycology, 3 (3): 195–200.
[16] Sajitha، K.L., Maria Florence, E.J., Suma Arun Dev., 2014. Screening of bacterial biocontrols against sapstain fungus (Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat.) of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.). Research in Microbiology,165: 541-548.
[17] Huang, J., Wei, Z., Tan, S., Mei, X., Shen, Q. and Xu, Y., 2014. Suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by bioorganic fertilizer made from the antibacterial compound producing strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HR62. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(44): 10708-16.
[18] Gordillo, M.A., Navarro, A.R., Benitez, L.M., Torres de Plaza, M.I. and Maldonado, M.C., 2009. Preliminary study and improve the production of metabolites with antifungal activity by a Bacillus sp. strain IBA 33. Microbiology Insights, 2: 15-24.
[19] Ghannoum, M.A. and Rice, L.B., 1999. Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4): 501-17.
[20] Fortwendel, J.R., Juvvadi, P.R., Pinchai, N., Perfect, B.Z., Alspaugh, J.A., Perfect, J.R. and Steinbach, W.J., 2009. Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-(beta)-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53(2): 476-82.
[21] Ashwini, N. and Srividya, S., 2014. Potentiality of Bacillus subtilis as biocontrol agent for management of anthracnose disease of chilli caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Biotech, 4: 127–136
[22] Sajitha, K.L. and Suma A.D., 2016. Quantification of antifungal lipopeptide gene expression levels in Bacillus subtilis B1 during antagonism against sapstain fungus on rubberwood. Biological Control, 96: 78–85.