بررسی تاثیر متیلاسیون و آنتی اکسیدان بر روی تغییر رنگ چندسازه‌های چوب پلاستیک هوازده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

 افزایش کاربرد چندسازه‌های چوب پلاستیک (WPC) در محیط بیرون از ساختمان باعث توجه به دوام این فراورده شده است. این فراورده‌ها زمانی که به مدت طولانی در معرض اشعه فرابنفش (فرسایش نوری)، باران، برف و آلودگی‌های جوی بیرون از ساختمان قرار می‌گیرند، دچار تخریب می‌شوند که تغییر رنگ یکی از مشخصه‌های این تخریب است.به منظور بررسی اثر متیلاسیون و آنتی‌اکسیدان (به طور مجزا و همراه هم)، بر روی تغییر رنگ چوب پلاستیک هوازده، تخته‌هایی از آرد چوب صنوبر و پلی‌اتیلن سنگین تهیه شد. بنا به استاندارد ASTM D2565 نمونه‌ها برای مدت زمان بیشینه2000 ساعت، به عنوان بیشینه زمان هوازدگی و 250 ساعت برای بررسی اثر کوتاه مدت تیمارهای مورد نظر درون دستگاه Atlas Xenon قرار گرفتند. تغییر رنگ و طیف FT-IR سطح نمونه‌های شاهد پیش و پس از هوازدگی مورد آزمایش و مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار متیلاسیون می‌تواند در کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت تغییر رنگ ناشی از هوازدگی را کاهش دهد. همچنین با FT-IR مشخص شد این تیمار در کوتاه مدت تا حدی لیگنین آرد چوب تخته‌ها را در مقابل فرسایش نوری حفاظت می‌کند. لیکن در بلند مدت هیچ یک از تیمارها در فرسایش سطحی تاثیر نداشته اما متیلاسیون عمق نفوذ هوازدگی را کاهش می‌دهد. آنتی‌اکسیدان مورد بهره‌گیری در بلند مدت تاثیری بر روی تغییر رنگ نداشته، لیکن در کوتاه مدت تغییر رنگ را در مقایسه با نمونه‌ شاهد تا حدی کاهش می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1-     اختری م، حمصی ا.ح. و میرشکرایی سید احمد. (1385). بررسی اثر هوازدگی برچوب راش و نوئل با استفاده از طیف سنجی و میکروسکوپ الکترونی. رساله دکترا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات
2- Anderson L. Erin, Pawlak Zenon, Owen   L. Noel and Feist C. William, (1991). Infrared Studies Of Wood Weathering Part11: Hardwoods Applied Spectroscopy, Vol 45, No.4.
3- Baker, Andrew J.; Gillespie, Robert H. (1978). Accelerated Aging Of Phenolic-bonded Flakeboards. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-GTR-05. Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. Pages 93-100
4- Balatinecz J.J. And Woodhams R.T., (1993). “Wood-Plastic Composites: Doing More With Less”, Journal Of  Forestry, 91 (11), 22-26.
5- Béatrice George, Suttie Ed, Merlin Andre, (2005). Deglise Xavier, Photodegradation and Photostabilisation of Wood – The State of Art, Polymer Degradation and Stability 88. 268 – 274.
6– Cang Li, Cook C. M. And Ragauskas A. J., ,(1999). Brightness Reversion Of Mechanical Pulps Xl: Photostabilization Of high-yield Pulps By Thiosolfinates, Journal Of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 19, 27-41.
7-Carll, CharlesG.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. (2007). Mechanical Property Loss And The Occurrence Of Wood Decay During Experimental Outdoor Aging Of Wood Based Panels. 41st International Wood Composites Symposium proceedings, Seattle, WA. [Pullman, Wash.] : Washington State University, 16 pages.
8- Cassens, Daniel L.; Feist, William C. (1991). Exterior Wood in The South : Selection, Applications, And Finishes. Madison, Wl: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 60 p.
9- Cibulkova Z., Simon P., Lehocky P. and Balko J., (2005). Antioxidant Activity Of p- Phenylenediamines Studied By DSC, Polymer Degradation And Stability, Vol 87, Issue479-486.
10- Cook C.M., Pan X. and Ragauskas A.J., (1996). Photostabilization Studies Pf Thiol Additives For Ligniocellulosic Materials, Journal Of Wood Chemistry And Technology, 16(3), 327-345.
11– Evans P.D., Owen N.L., Schmid S., Webster R.D., (2002).  Weathering and Photostability Of Benzoylated Wood, Polymer Degradation And Stability 76 291-303.
12- Falk, R.H.; Felton, C.; Lundin, T. (2001). Effects of Weathering On Color Loss Of Natural Fiber Thermoplastic Composites. Composites in Manufacturing. Vol. 17, no. 4, 3 pages
13- Heitner Cyril, (1993). Inhibition Of Light-Induced Yellowing Of Lignin-Containing Paper(Chapter 15).   
14- Kishino Masanori and Nakano Takato, (2004). Artificial Weathering Of Tropical Woods Part2: Color Change, Holzforschung, Vol58, 558-565.
15- Lebow, Stan; Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Patricia; (2003). Effect of Simulated Rainfall And Weathering On Release Of Preservative Elements From CCA Treated Wood. Environmental science & technology. Vol. 37, no.18: Pages 4077-4082.
16- Levan, S. L.; Holmes, C. A.; (1986), Effectiveness of Fire-retardant Treatments For Shingles After 10 Years Of Outdoor Weathering   (Research paper FPL ; 474):15 p.
17– Lopez J.L., Sain M. And Cooper P., (2005),  Performance Of Natural-Fiber-Plastic Composites Under Stress For Applications: Effect Of Moisture, Temperature, And Ultraviolet Light Exposure, Journal Of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 99, Issue 5, Pages 2570-2577.
18– Lundin Thomas, Cramer M. Steven, Falk H. Robert And Felton Colin, (2004). Accelerated Weathering Of Natural Fiber-Filled Polyethylene Composites, Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering.
19– Muasher M. and Sain M, (May 2005). The Efficacy Of Photostabilizers On The Color Chenge Of Wood Filled Plastic Composites, Polymer Degradation And Stability, Vol 91, Issue5, , Pages1156-1165.
20– Niokhor Diouf Papa, Merlin Andre And Perrin Dominique, (2006). Antioxidant properties Of Wood Extracts And Colour stability Of Wood, Ann.Sci. 63,525-534.
21– Rowell M. Roger (2005). Handbook Of Wood Chemistry And Wood Chemistry And Wood Composites. CRC Press.
22– Rowell. R.M.; 1975: Chemical modification of wood advantages and disadvantages, proceedings Am. Wood Preservers Association, 1-10.
23- Schmidt A. J., Heitner C., Kelly G.P. And Wilkinson F., (July 1990). Diffuse-Reflectance Laser-Flash Photolysis Of Mechanical Pulp. Part 1 : Detection And Identification Of Transient Species In The Photolysis Of Thermomechanical Pulp, Journal Of Pulp And Paper Science: VOL. 16 No.4.
24- Schmidt A. John and Heitner Cyril, (1991). Light-Induced Yellowing Of Mechanical And Ultra High Yield Pulps Part1.Effect Of Methylation,NaBH4 Reduction and Ascorbic Acid On Chromophore Formation, Journal Of Wood Chemistry And Technology, 11(4), 397-418 .
25- Stark M. Nicole (2003). Photodegradation and Photostabilization Of Weathered Flour Filled Polyethylene Composites, Michigan Technological University, (217).
26- Stark, Nicole M.; Matuana, Laurent M. (2003). Ultraviolet Weathering Of Photostabilized Wood-flour-filled High-density Polyethylene Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 90, Pages 2609-2617
27- Stark, Nicole M.; Matuana, Laurent M. (2004a). Surface Chemistry And Mechanical Property Changes Of Wood-flour/high-density-polyethylene Composites After Accelerated weathering. Journal Of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 94, pages 2263-2273.
28- Stark M. Nicole and Matuana M. Laurent, (October 2004b). Surface Chemistry Chenges Of Weathered HDPE/Wood Flour Composites Studied By XPS And FT-IR, Polymer Degradation And Stability, Vol86, Issue1, Pages1-9.
29- Stark M. Nicole, (2005). Effect of Weathering Variables On The Lightness Of High-density Polyethylene Woodflour Composites. 8th International Conference on Wood-fiber-Plastic Composites (and Other Natural Fibers) : May 23-25, 2005 ... Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Madison, WI : Forest Products Society: pages 207-212.
30- Stark M. Nicole, (2006). Effect Of Weathering Cycle And Manufacturing Method On Performance Of Wood Flour And High-Density Polyethylene Composites, Journal Of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 100, 3131-3140
31- Stark M. Nicole and Matuana M. Laurent, (December 2006). Influence of photostabilizers on wood flour–HDPE composites exposed to xenon-arc radiationwith andwithoutwater spray, Polymer Degradation And Stability, Vol 91, Issue12, Pages 3048-3056.
32- Stark, Nicole M. (2007). Considerations in The Weathering Of Wood-plastic Composites. Proceedings : 3rd Wood Fibre Polymer Composites International Symposium : Innovative Sustainable Materials Applied to Building and Furniture : March 26-27, 2007 ... Bordeaux, France. [S.l. : s.n.], 2007: 10 pages.
33– Tschirner U. And Dence C. W. (1988). Attempts To Photostabilize Norway Spruce TMP By Chemical Modification. Paper and Timber 4. P. 338 -346
34- Urban Kathrin, (2005). Weathering Of Wood Modified With The N-Methylol Compound1,3- Dimethylol-4,5-Dihydroxyethleneurea, Polymer Degradation And Stability, Vol89, Issue0141-3910.
35- Williams, R. Sam.; Knaebe, Mark. (2000). Restoration Of Severely Weathered Wood. Journal Of Coatings Technology. Vol. 72, No. 902, p. 43-51
36- Williams, R. Sam; Knaebe, Mark T.; Sotos, Peter G.; Feist, William C. (2001 a). Erosion Rates Of Wood During Natural Weathering. Part I, Effects of Grain Angle and Surface Texture. Wood and Fiber Science. Vol. 33, No. 1, p. [31]-42
37- Williams, R. Sam; Knaebe, Mark T.; Feist, William C. (2001 b). Erosion Rates Of Wood During Natural Weathering. Part II, Earlywood and latewood Erosion Rates. Wood and Fiber Science. Vol. 33, No. 1, P. [43]-49
38- Williams, R. Sam; Miller, Regis; Gangstad, John, (2001c). Characteristics Of Ten Tropical Hardwoods From Certified Forests in Bolivia. Part I, Weathering Characteristics And Dimensional Change. Wood and Fiber Science. Vol. 33, No. 4,  P. [618]-626
39- Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia, (2003). Effect of Weathering On Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Treated Wood : Leaching Of Metal Salts and Change in Water Repellency. Ninety-ninth Annual Meeting Of the American Wood-Preservers' Association ... Boston, Massachusetts, Volume99. Selma, Ala.: American Wood-Preservers' Association: Pages 125-141
40- Williams, R. Sam, (2004). State-of-the-art Methods For Testing Materials Outdoors. IUFRO, pages 61-73.
41- Williams, R. Sam, (2005). Weathering Of Wood. Handbook Of Wood Chemistry And Wood Composites. Boca Raton : CRC Press, pages 139-185.