Withdrawal resistance and lateral shear strength of the nail connector in cypress wood (Cupressus arizonica ) treated with ACC and ACQ with emphasis on the use in NLT

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University Of Tehran

2 استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران

10.22034/ijwp.2023.1986465.1579

Abstract

Nail laminated timber (NLT) is one of the engineered wood products which is widely used in construction. Due to the structure of NLT, it has a high tendency to absorb moisture and its moisture loss rate also is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to protect it against humidity and degradation agents. In this study, the effect of ACC and ACQ preservatives on the performance of withdrawal resistance and lateral strength of the nail fastener in cypress wood with emphasis on the use in NLT was investigated. To treat the layers, preservative solutions with a concentration of 2% were used to achieve the minimum retention required for use with ground contact according to AWPA requirements. Withdrawal resistance and lateral strength of nail were compared with NDS standard and yield limit formulas, respectively. Results showed that ACC and ACQ preservatives had no adverse effects on the mechanical resistance tested in this study, and thus there is no restriction to use the treated wood for manufacturing NLT. Also, the results showed that there is a good agreement between the resistance predicted by the equations presented in NDS and the experimental results. IIIs failure mode was observed in the treated and control samples.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Esteves, B., Nunes, L. and Pereira, H., 2011. Properties of furfurylated wood (Pinus pinaster). European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69(4): 521-525.
[2] Harte, A.M., 2017. Mass timber–the emergence of a modern construction material. Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, 2(3):121-132.
[3] Council, B.S.L., Nail-Laminated Timber: US Design & Construction Guide. I. 2018. 142p.
[4] Teng, Q., Que, Z., Li, Z. and Zhang X. 2018. Effect of installed angle on the withdrawal capacity of self-tapping screws and nails; Proceedings of the World Conference of Timber Engineering. August 20–23. Seoul, Korea.
[5] Ross, R.J. 2010. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. 509 p.
[6] Kiliç, M., Burdurlu, E., İlker, U.S.T.A., Berker, U.Ö. and Oduncu, P. 2007. Comparative analysis of the nail and screw withdrawal resistances of fir (Abies Mill.), cherry (Prunus Avium L.), walnut (Juglans Regia L.) and oak (Quercus L.) wood. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 2(2): 61-75.
[7] Helinska-Raczkowska, L. 1993. Withdrawal Resistance of Nails from Juvenile Wood of Scots Pine. Sylwan, 137(9): 31-36.
[8] Yermán, L., Ottenhaus, L.M., Montoya, C. and Morrell, J.J. 2021. Effect of repeated wetting and drying on withdrawal capacity and corrosion of nails in treated and untreated timber. Construction and Building Materials, 284: 122878.
[9] Rammer, D.R. 2004. Review of end grain nail withdrawal research. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 151.
[10] Chen, G., Zhang, E., Wu, D., Wang, C. and Zhou, T., 2022. Withdrawal behaviour of mechanical fasteners on laminated bamboo lumber. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 27: 1-11.
[11] Abdoli, F., Rashidi, M., Rostampour-Haftkhani, A., Layeghi, M. and Ebrahimi, G. 2022. Withdrawal Performance of Nails and Screws in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made of Poplar (Populus alba) and Fir (Abies alba). Polymers, 14(15): 3129.
[12] Abdoli, F., Rashidi, M., Rostampour-Haftkhani, A., Layeghi, M. and Ebrahimi, G. 2023. Effects of fastener type, end distance, layer arrangement, and panel strength direction on lateral resistance of single shear lap joints in cross-laminated timber (CLT). Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, p.e01727.
[13] Dalvand, M., Pourtahmasi, K. and Ebrahimi, G. 2018. Investigation of the relations between screw diameter and pilot hole diameter with withdrawal resistance in LVL for establishing regression model. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 8(4): 549-561. (In Persian).
[14] Maleki, S., Dalvand, M. and Gholamian, H. 2013. Determination of Screw and Nail Withdrawal Strengths in Parallel and Perpendicular to Grain of some Hardwoods of Iran. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 3(2):171-180. (In Persian).
[15] Taşçioğlu, C., Akçay, Ç., Yalçin, M. and Şahin, H.I. 2014. Effects of post-treatment with CA and CCA on screw withdrawal resistance of wood based composites. Wood Research, 59(2): 343-350.
 [16] Yang, T.H., Lin, C.H., Wang, S.Y. and Lin, F.C. 2012. Effects of ACQ preservative treatment on the mechanical properties of hardwood glulam. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(5): 557-564.
[17] Yildiz, U.C., Temiz, A., Gezer, E.D. and Yildiz, S. 2004. Effects of the wood preservatives on mechanical properties of yellow pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. Building and Environment, 39(9): 1071-1075.
[18] National design specification for wood construction: recommended practice for structural design, National Forest Products Association, NDS, 2015.
[19] Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber. American Society of Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D 1761-88, 2003.
[20] Subcommittee, A.S.T.M., 2003. Standard test method for determining bending yield moment of nails. American Society of Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, F 1575-08.
[21] Subcommittee, A.S.T.M., 2003. Standard test method for determining bending yield moment of nails. American Society of Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D 5764-97a.
[22] American Wood Protection Association Standards. Standard for waterborne preservatives, P5- 00, 2000.
[23] Rammer, D.R. and Zelinka, S.L. 2015. Withdrawal strength and bending yield strength of stainless-steel nails. Journal of Structural Engineering, 141(5): 1-7.
[24] Rammer, D.R., Winistorfer, S.G. and Bender, D.A. 2001. Withdrawal strength of threaded nails. Journal of structural engineering, 127(4): 442-449.
[25] Morris, H., Sinha, A. and Miyamoto, B.T. 2018. Lateral Connections and Withdrawal Capacity of Western Juniper. Wood and Fiber Science, 50(1): 1-8.
[26] Taj, M.A., Kazemi Najafi, S. and Ebrahimi, G. 2009. Withdrawal and lateral resistance of wood screw in beech, hornbeam and poplar. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(2): 135-140.
[27] Sinha, A., Gupta, R. and Nairn, J.A. 2011. Thermal degradation of lateral yield strength of nailed wood connections. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 23(6): 812-822.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 14, Issue 2
September 2023
Pages 113-125

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics