Improving Weathering Performance of Beech Wood Coated with Acrylic Paint by nano zinc oxide and nano cellulose

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Prof, Department of wood engineering and technology, Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 M.Sc. graduated, Wood preservation and modification, Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Department of wood engineering and technology, Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Clear coatings, such as transparent acrylic paint, have a relatively short life in outdoor exposure because solar radiation can readily penetrate through such coatings and reach the wood surfaces and cause degradation in cell walls of wood tissues. This phenomenon can be reduced by using suitable UV absorbers in the structure of coatings. Therefore, in this study, the transparent acrylic coatings were modified with nano cellulose (1 wt%) and nano zinc oxide (0 and 0.5 wt%) and then applied on Beech wood specimens by brush.Subsequently, these specimens were exposed to natural weathering for six months. The results of pull-off adhesion, contact angle, colorimeter, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy images showed that the use of nano zinc oxide and nano cellulose increased weathering resistance of coated samples where the weathering degradations of these samples were minimum in compare to others.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Forsythe, P., 2007. Improving timber cladding for builders and designers. forest and wood products  research and develpments corporation, 21:1-22
[2] Macleod, I., Scully, A., Ghiggino, K., Ritchie, P., Paravagna, O. and Leary, B., 1995. Photodegradation at the wood-clearcoat interface. Wood science and technology, 29 (3): 183-189.
[3] Dawson, B. S., Singh, A. P., Kroese, H. W., Schwitzer, M. A., Gallagher, S., Riddiough, S. J.and Wu, S., 2008. Enhancing exterior performance of clear coatings through photostabilization of wood. Part 2: coating and weathering performance. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 5 (2):207.
[4] Fufa, S. M., Jelle, B. P. and Hovde, P. J., 2013. Weathering performance of spruce coated with water based acrylic paint modified with TiO2 and clay nanoparticles. Progress in Organic Coatings, 76 (11): 1543-1548.
[5] Allen, N., Regan, C., McIntyre, R., Johnson, B. and Dunk, W., 1997. The photooxidation and stabilisation of water-borne acrylic emulsions. Progress in organic coatings, 32 (1-4):9-16.
[6] Grüneberger, F., Künniger, T., Huch, A., Zimmermann, T. and Arnold, M., 2015. Nanofibrillated cellulose in wood coatings: dispersion and stabilization of ZnO as UV absorber. Progress in Organic Coatings, 87: 112-121.
[7] Poaty, B., Vardanyan, V., Wilczak, L., Chauve, G. and Riedl, B., 2014. Modification of cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement derivatives for wood coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 77 (4):813-820,
[8] Juntaro, J., Ummartyotin, S., Sain, M. and Manuspiya, H., 2012. Bacterial cellulose reinforced polyurethane-based resin nanocomposite: a study of how ethanol and processing pressure affect physical, mechanical and dielectric properties. Carbohydrate polymers, 87 (4):2464-2469.
[9] Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers., ASTM International, 2009.
[10] Testing, A. S. f., Materials, Standard practice for calculation of color tolerances and color differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates. ASTM International, 2014.
[11] Forsthuber, B., Müller, U., Teischinger, A. and Grüll, G., 2013. Chemical and mechanical changes during photooxidation of an acrylic clear wood coat and its prevention using UV absorber and micronized TiO2. Polymer degradation and stability, 98:1329-1338.
[12] de Meijer, M., 2004. In A review of interfacial aspects in wood coatings: wetting., surface energy, substrate penetration and adhesion. COST E18 Final Seminar, pp 26-27.
[13] Grüneberger, F., Künniger, T., Zimmermann, T. and Arnold, M., 2014. Rheology of nanofibrillated cellulose/acrylate systems for coating applications. Cellulose, 21 (3): 1313-1326.
[14] Evans, P., Chowdhury, M. J., Mathews, B., Schmalzl, K., Ayer, S., Kiguchi, M. and Kataoka, Y., 2005.Weathering and surface protection of wood. In Handbook of environmental degradation of materials, Elsevier: pp 277-297.
[15] Meiron, T. S., Marmur, A. and Saguy, I. S., 2004. Contact angle measurement on rough surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 274 (2): 637-644.
[16] Matuana, L. M. and Kamdem, D. P., 2002. Accelerated ultraviolet weathering of PVC/wood‐flour composites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 42 (8): 1657-1666.
[17] Rasouli, D., Dintcheva, N. T., Faezipour, M., La Mantia, F. P., Farahani, M. R. M. and Tajvidi, M., 2016. Effect of nano zinc oxide as UV stabilizer on the weathering performance of wood-polyethylene composite. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 133: 85-91.
[18] Forsthuber, B. and Grüll, G., 2010. The effects of HALS in the prevention of photo-degradation of acrylic clear topcoats and wooden surfaces. Polymer degradation and stability, 95 (5): 746-755.
[19] Wojciechowski, K., Zukowska, G. Z., Korczagin, I. and Malanowski, P., 2015. Effect of TiO2 on UV stability of polymeric binder films used in waterborne facade paints. Progress in Organic Coatings, 85: 123-130.
[20] Allen, N., Regan, C., Mcintyre, R., Johnson, B. and Dunk, W., 1997. The photooxidation and stabilisation of water-borne acrylic emulsions. Progress in organic coatings, 32:9-16.
[21] Hu, J., Xiaogang, L., Gao, J. and Zhao, Q., 2009.  Ageing behavior of acrylic polyurethane varnish coating in artificial weathering environments.  Progress in organic Coatings 65: 504 –509.
[22] Nguyen, T. V., Tri, P. N., Nguyen, T. D., EL Aidani, R., Trinh, V. T. and Decker, C., 2016. Accelerated degradation of water borne acrylic nanocomposites used in outdoor protective coatings. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 128: 65-76.
[23] Gobakken, L. R. and Westin, M., 2008. Surface mould growth on five modified wood substrates coated with three different coating systems when exposed outdoors. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 62 (4): 397-402,
[24] Rowell, R. M., 2012. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. CRC press.
[25] Terzi, E., Kartal, S. N., Yılgör, N., Rautkari, L. and Yoshimura, T., 2016. Role of various nano-particles in prevention of fungal decay, mold growth and termite attack in wood, and their effect on weathering properties and water repellency. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 107: 77-87.