The use of cellulose nanofibers to reduce harmful substances from cigarette smoke

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 graduated in Nano Cellulose & Cellulosic Nano Filters from University of Tehran.

2 Associate professor, Dept of wood 7 paper science & technology, University of Tehran

3 professor of wood & paper science & technology dept. university of tehran

Abstract

Acetate cellulose was used as cigarette filter, whose main function is to cool and purify the cigarette smoke. Nano cellulose as a sustainable bio material seems to have high potential as it is most common bio polymer in nature and is already available in micrometers to nanometers. In this research, cigarette filters were made of cellulose nano fibers with a concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% as well as mixture of each with 5% activated carbon. For this aim, the freezing of nano cellulose suspension in liquid nitrogen was used. After placing the filters in cigarettes, the samples were tested by the smoking machine and the carbon monoxide produced by burning cigarettes was directly measured by the machine and the amount of nicotine and tar were determined by gas chromatography test. The results of carbon monoxide and tar test showed that the use of filters made with cellulose nanofibers and activated carbon in comparison with acetate cellulose filters could significantly reduce these toxic and harmful substances (59.6% and 77% respectively) however, nicotine of tested samples did not show a significant difference by control sample.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] CDC, U.S, C.D.C. Prevention (Ed.), QuickStats: Number of Deaths from 10 Leading Causes, 2013, National Vital Statistics System, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, United States, p. 155.
[2] Mokdad, A.H. et al., 2018, The state of US health, 1990–2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US States, 319 (14): 1444–1472.
[3] Thomas, D. and Cebe, P., 2017. Self-nucleation and crystallization of polyvinyl alcohol. Journal of Thermal Analysis Calorimetry, 127(1): 885–894.
[4] Crooks, I. Scott, K. Dalrymple, A. Dillon, D. Meredith, D. 2015. The combination of two novel tobacco blends and filter technologies to reduce the in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of prototype cigarettes, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71: 507–514.
[5] Li, Y., & Ragauskas, A. (2011). Cellulose nano-whiskers as a reinforcing filler in polyurethanes. Advances in diverse industrial applications of nanocomposites, 3, 17-36.
[6] Branton, P., Bradley, R.H., 2011. Effects of active carbon pore size distributions on adsorption of toxic organic compounds. Adsorption, 17: 293–301.
[7] Aufderheide, M., Scheffler, S., Ito, S., Ishikawa, S., & Emura, M. (2015). Ciliatoxicity in human primary bronchiolar epithelial cells after repeated exposure at the air–liquid interface with native mainstream smoke of K3R4F cigarettes with and without charcoal filter. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 67(7-8), 407-411.
[8] Rothwell, K. (1999). Health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents. Environmental Health Criteria, (211).
[9] Polzin, G. M., Zhang, L., Hearn, B. A., Tavakoli, A. D., Vaughan, C., Ding, Y. S., ... & Watson, C. H. (2008). Effect of charcoal-containing cigarette filters on gas phase volatile organic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. Tobacco Control, 17(Suppl 1), 10-16.
[10] Scherer G, Urban M, Engl J, and Hagedorn HW. 2006. Influence of smoking charcoal fil-ter tipped cigarettes on various biomarkers of exposure. Inhalation Toxicol, 18:821–9.
[11] Wang, B., Sain M., Oksman, K., 2007. Study of structural morphology of hemp fiber from the micro to the nanoscale. Applied Composite Materials, 14(2): 89-103.
[12] Alemdar, A., Sain, M., 2008. Biocomposites from wheat straw nanoļ¬bers: morphology, thermal and mechanical properties. Composites Science and Technology, 68(2): 557-565.
[13] Market projections of cellulose nanomaterial-enabled products -Part 1: Applications. May 2014. Tappi. ournal 13(5):9-16.
 [14] Squires S.B. Gardiner M. J.; 2005. Cigarette filter incorporating nanofibres, US Patent Application No. 0139223.
[15] Daneleviciute-Vaisnienee, A., Katunskis, J., & Buika, G. (2009). Electrospun PVA nanofibres for gas filtration applications. Fibres & Textiles In Eastern Europe, (6 (77)), 40-43.
[16] Raghavendra, R. Atul Dahiya, M.G. Kamath.”Nanofibre nonwovens”. Update June 1, 2005.
[17] Nazmara, S. (2017). Evaluation of the concentration and time of exposure to the cigarette smoke particles in a car by different ventilation conditions. Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 2(4), 267-275.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 11, Issue 1
June 2020
Pages 19-31

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics