Comparing lignin derived from black liquors of alkaline sulfite-AQ, soda-AQ and kraft processes as a filler-extender in the poplar plywood

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Prof., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 M.Sc., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Professor, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Prof., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad, Iran

Abstract

According to the importance of urea formaldehyde resin in plywood industry and to replace a suitable filler for this resin with wheat flour (common filler), lignin drived from three black liquors including alkaline sulfite-AQ, soda-AQ and Kraft evaluated as filler-extender for urea formaldehyde resin in the plywood manufacture. For this reason any of the four types of lignins were used at 0, 10, 20 and 30% dry weight of resin.After that, the physical and mechanical properties of samples including thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to fiber the surface layer and shear strength were measured.The results of this study showed that increasing thelignin of alkali sulfite-anthraquinone and then kraft lignin, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity parallel to the fiber surface layer increased.Also, the bonding shear strength of the samples using three types of lignins increased. On the other hand, the use of these three types of lignin, improved the dimensional stability of the boards.The results show the superiority of lignin from alkaline sulfite anthraquinone process compared to other lignins to improving the mechanical properties of plywood.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Veigel, S., Müller, U., Keekes, J., Oberstriebnig, M. and Gindl-Altmutter, W., 2011. Cellulose nanofibrils as filler for adhesives: effect on specific fracture energy of solid wood-adhesive bonds. Cellulose, 18:1227-1237.
[2] Barzali, S., Jamalirad, L., Faraji, F.and Hedjazi, S., 2015. Using cellulose nanofiber as filler and reinforcing agent of urea formaldehyde resin in plywood manufacture. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 6 (2): 227-237. (In Persian).
[3] Barzali, S., Jamalirad, L., Faraji, F.and Hedjazi, S., 2016. Urea-formaldehyde resin reinforced silk coccon. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 31 (3): 500-5009. (In Persian).
[4] Nasri Nobandegani, M., Jamalirad, L., Faraji, F. and Yousefi, H., 2017. Using hybrid of fish glue-phenol formaldehyde in plywood manufacturing. Forest and Wood Products, 69 (4): 809-819. (In Persian).
[5] Kim, S., 2009. Environment-friendly adhesives for surface bonding of wood-based flooring using natural tannin to reduce formaldehyde and TVOC emission. Bioresource Technology, 100: 744-748.
[6] Ahmad, Z., Ansell, M.P. and Smedley, D., 2010. Epoxy adhesives modified with nano- and micro particles for in situ timberbonding: effect of microstructure on bond integrity. International Journal of Mechanical and Material Engineering, 5(1):59–67.
[7] May, M., Wang, H.M. andAkid, R., 2010. Effects of the addition of inorganic nanoparticles on the adhesive strength of ahybrid solgel epoxy system. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 30(6):505–512.
[8] Khoee, S. and Hassani, N., 2010. Adhesion strength improvement of epoxy resin reinforced with nanoelastomeric copolymer. Material Science and Engineering A: Structural Materials, 527(24–25):6562–6567.
[9] Prolongo, S.G., Gude, M.R. and Urena, A., 2010. Rheological behavior of nanoreinforced epoxy adhesives of low electricalresistivity for joining carbon fiber/epoxy laminates. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24(6):1097–1112.
[10] Yoon, S.H., Kim, B.C., Lee, K.H. and Lee, D.G., 2010. Improvement of the adhesive fracture toughness of bonded aluminum joints using e-glass fibers at cryogenic temperature. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 24(2):429–444.
[11] Muttil, N., Ravichandra, G.h., W. Bigger, S., R. Thorpe, G., Shailaja, D. and Kumar Singh, S., 2014. Comparative Study of Bond Strength of Formaldehyde and Soya based Adhesive in Wood Fibre Plywood. Procedia Materials Science, 6: 2-9.
[12] Gothwal, R. K., Mohan, M. K. and Ghosh, P., 2010. Synthesis of low cost adhesives from pulp & paper industry waste. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 69: 390-395.
[13] Jamalirad, L., Doosthoseini, K. and Mirshokraie, S. A., 2007. Using kraft lignin with metal ions catalyst as filler-extender of urea formaldehyde in plywood manufacture. Forest and Wood Products, 60 (3): 981-988. (In Persian).
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 9, Issue 3
December 2018
Pages 349-358

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics