The effect of the presence of skin on the mechanical properties of milkweed wood flour-plastic composite

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Gonbad Kavous university, Gonbad, Iran

2 M.Sc., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The large parts of the southern regions of Iran are covered by wild milkweed plants. The latex and roots of these plants are used in the pharmaceutical industries, but the wooden parts of this plant are left as waste. Since lots of this type of wastes are annually produced; hence, we conduted this study to use lignocellulosic wastes of wild milkweed plants for the manufacturing of wood-plastic composite and then the mechanical properties of the fabricated compositewere studied. To make composite, milkweed flour in three mixing levels of 30, 40 and 50 percent of total composition, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as a coupling agent in two mixing levels of 4 and 6% percent of polymer, were used as variable factors. Also, some of the wood was not debarked, and the level of 40%, was made using debarked wood flour.The mechanical properties of fabricated composite including bending strength, bending modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength, were measured.The study results showed that by increasing milkweed flour consumption, the tensile strength of composite was decreased, but the bending strength was improved. In each of the different mixing levels of milkweed flour (30, 40 and 50 percent), the flexural modulus and tensile modulus of composites increased by increasing the amount of coupling agent (from 4 to 6%).On the other hand, the impact resistance of composites decreased by increasing the amount of lignocellulosic flour in each of the coupling agent mixing levels. Also, the presence of the skin did not adversely affect the mechanical properties of the composite, and it is possible to use this type of wood without the need of debarking.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Chandrawat, P. and Sharma, R.A., 2016. The Genus Calotropis: An Overview on Bioactive Principles and theirBioefficacy. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 5(1): 61-70.
 [2] Ayrilmis, N., Buyuksari, U. and Dundar, T., 2010. Waste pine cones as asource of reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117(4): 2324–2330.
[3] Hosseini, S.B., H., Hedjazi, H., Jamalirad, L. and Sukhtesaraie, A., 2014. Effect of nano-SiO2 on physical and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites (FRCs). Journal of Indian Academy of Wood Science, 11(2): 116-121.
[4] Rodriguz, E., Petrucci, R., Puglia, D., Jose, M.K. and Vazauez, A., 2005. Characterization of composites based on natural and glass fibers obtained by vacuum infusion. Journal of Composite Material, 39(3): 265–282.
[5] Han, S.O., Lee, S.M., Park, W.H. and Cho, D., 2006. Mechanical and thermal properties of waste silk fiber reinforced poly (butylenes succinate) bio composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100(6): 4972–4980.
[6] Mohanty, S., Sushil, V.K., Sanjay, N.K. and Sudhansu, T.S., 2004. Influence of fiber treatment on the performance of sisal polypropylene composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94(3): 1336–1345.
[7] Shubhra, QTH., Alam, A. and Quaiyyum, MA., 2011. Mechanical properties of polypropylene composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 26(3): 362-391.
 [8] Sui, G., Fuqua, M.A., Ulven, C.A. and Zhong, W.H., 2009. A plant fiber reinforced polymer composite prepared by a twin-screwextruder. BioresourTechnol, 100(3): 1246–1251.
 [9] De Rosa, I.M., Kenny, J.M., Puglia, D., Santulli, C. and Sarasini, F., 2010. Morphological, thermal and mechanical characterization of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus) fibres as potential reinforcement inpolymer composites. Compos Science Technology, 70(1): 116–122.
[10] Buzarovska, A., Bogoeva-Gaceva, G., Grozdanov, A., Avella, M., Gentile, G. and Errico M., 2008. Potential use of rice straw as filler in eco-composite materials. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 1(2): 37-42.
 [11] Rosa, S.M.L., Santosb, E.F., Ferreiraa, C.A. and Nachtigallb, S.M.B., 2009. Studies on the properties of rice-husk-filled-PP composites–effect of maleated PP. Materials Research, 12(3): 333-338.
 [12] Gholizadeh, M., Jamalirad, L., Aminian, H. and Hedjazi, S., 2015. Investigation on Mechanical Properties of polypropylene composite reinforced with tobacco stalk. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 68(2): 261-272.
[13] Biazyat, A., Jamalirad, L., Aminian, H.and Hedjazi, S., 2016. The effect of using palm wood flour in the manufacture of polypropylene-based wood-plastic composite. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 31(1): 30-39. (In Persian).
[14] Ochi, S.H., 2008. Mechanical properties of kenaf fibers and kenaf/PLA composites. Mechanics of Materials, 40: 446-452.
 [15] Van de Velde, K. and Kiekens, P., 2003. Effect of material and process parameters on the mechanical properties of unidirectional and multidirectional flax/polypropylene composites. Composite Structures, 62(3-4): 443–448.
[16] Bos, H.L., Müssig, J. and van den Oever, M.J.A., 2006. Mechanical properties of short-flax-fibre reinforced compounds. Compos Part A, 37: 1591–1604.
[17] Alam, A., Shubhra, Q.T.H., Sanjoy, B. and Rahman, M.M., 2011. Preparation and characterization of natural silk fiber reinforced polypropylene and synthetic E-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: A comparative study. Journal of Compos Mater, 45(22): 2301–2308.
 [18] Nasser, R. A., Al-Mefarrej, H. A., Khan, P. R. and Alhafta, K. H., 2012. Technological properties of CalotropisProcera (AIT) wood and its relation to utilization. American-Eurosian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(1): 5-16.
 [19] Kargarfard, A., 2013. The Infuence of coupling agent and the content of fibers on tensile strength and physical properties of cotton fiber stem/recycled polypropylene composites. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 3(2):131-140. (In Persian).
[20] KhademiEslam, H., Yousefnia, Z., Ghasemi, E.and Talaeipoor, T., 2013. Investigating the mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene/nanoclay composite. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 28(1): 153-168. (In Persian).
[21] Rowell, M.R., Lange, S.E. and Jacobson, R.E., 2000. Weathering performance of plant-fiber thermoplastic composites. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 353: 85-94.
[22] Kim, S., Moonb, J., Kim, C.H. and Sikha, G., 2008. Mechanical properties of polypropylene /naturalfiber composites: Comparison of wood fiber and cotton fiber. Polymer Testing, 27: 801–806.
[23] Stark, N.M. and Rowlands, R.E., 2003. Effects of wood fiber characteristicson mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites. Wood and Fiber Science, 35(2): 167-174.
[24] Nourbakhsh, A., Baghlani, F. and Ashori, A., 2011. Nano-SiO2 filled rice husk/polypropylene composites: Physico-mechanical properties. Industrial Crops and Products, 33(1): 183-187.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 10, Issue 1
May 2019
Pages 115-124

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics