Comparison the performance of different catalysts in chemical modification of Poplar wood with Glutaraldehyde

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor., Department of Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the effect of different catalysts on chemical modification of poplar wood and physical properties of the resulting product was evaluated. 12.5% HCl and water soluble salts containing ZnCl2, CaCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2 (based on the weight of glutaraldehyde) and 1% Al2O3, SiO2 and ZnO nano particles (based on the weight of glutaraldehyde) were used. After heating in oven for 48 hour, modification with glutaraldehyde and MgCl2, ZnO nano particles, SiO2, Al2O3, ZnCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2 and HCl as catalysts were resulted to 14.5, 12.57, 10.62, 8.69, 8.51, 7.19, 5.97 and 5.41 % weight gain respectively. After 24h soaking in water, the physical properties of modified specimens, such as water absorption, volume swelling and ASE were measured. The highest and lowest bulking were calculated for Mgcl2 and Hcl catalysts with 6.98 and 2.37% respectively. The modification in presence of Mgcl2 catalyst was shown highest increase of density with average of 0.55 g/cm3. The highest and lowest water absorption was measured 79.61 and 45.32% in the modification with HCl and MgCl catalysts. Hcl with acidic quality, can break ether bonds in hemiacetal and even acetal structure. Modification with MgCl2 was shown best result in comparison with other catalysts. It is likely that the formation a complex of magnesium with oxygen, could resulted to activate carbonyl groups in glutaraldehyde and created the crosslink.

Keywords

References

[1] Matsuda, H. 1996. Chemical modification of solid wood. In: D.N.S. Hon ed., Chemical modification of lignocellulosic materials; Marcel Dekker, Inc.; New York, Basel, Hong Kong, 159-183.
[2] Li, Y., Liu, Z., Dong, X., Fu, Y. and Liu, Y., 2011. Comparison of decay resistance of wood and wood polymer composite prepared by in- suit polymerization of monomers. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 1-6.
[3] Hill, C.A.S., 2006. Wood modification: chemical, thermal and other processes. Wiley, Chichester, 239 p.
[4] Yasuda, R., Minato.  K. and Norimoto. M., 1994. Chemical modification of wood by non-formaldehyde crosslinking reagents, Part 2, Moisture adsorption and creep properties. Wood Science and Technology, 28:209–2183.
[5] Xiao, Z., Xie, Y., Militz, H. and Mai, C., 2010. Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood. Holzforschung, 64:475–482.
[6] Xie, Y., Callum, A., Hill, S., Xiao, Z., Mai, C. and Militz, H., 2011. Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde. Wood Science and Technology, 45:49–61.
[7] Peill, P.L.D., 1946. Permanent bleaching of ligno-cellulosic materials. Nature 158:554.
[8] Srebotnik, E. and Messner, K., 1990.  Enzymatic attack of wood is limited by the inaccessibility of the substrate. In: Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Kirk, T.K. and Chang, H. (Eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, London, UK: 111–122.
[9] Tarkow, H. and Stamm, A.J., 1953. Effect of formaldehyde treatments upon the dimensional stailization of wood. Journal of the Forest Products Research Society, 3(2):33–37.
[10] Stevens, M., Schalck, J. and Raemdonck, J.V., 1979. Chemical modification of wood by vapour phase treatment with formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide. International Journal of Wood Preservation, 1(2):57–68.
[11] Ueyama, A., Araki, M. and Goto, T., 1961.  Dimensional stability of wood. X. Decay resistance of formaldehyde treated wood. Wood Research, 26:67–73.
[12] Stevens, M. and Parameswaran, N., 1981. Microscopical analysis of formaldehyde-acid modified wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. No, IRG/WP 3182 p.
[13] Vihavainen, T., Piispanen, K. and Mansikkmäki, P., 1980. Treatment of wood with formaldehyde. Acid catalysis of the reaction between formaldehyde and wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. No, IRG/WP 3146.
[14] Xiao, Z., Xie, Y., Militz, H. and Mai. C., 2009.  Modification of wood with glutaraldehyde, In: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on wood modification, Stockholm, Sweden.
[15] Weaver, J.W., Nielson, J.F. and Goldstein, I.S., 1960. Dimensional stabilization of wood with aldehydes and related compounds, Forest Products Journal, 10:306–310.
[16] Yasuda, R. and Minato, K., 1994. Chemical modification of wood by non-formaldehyde cross-linking reagents, Part I, Improvement of dimensional stability and acoustic properties. Wood Science and Technology, 28:101–110.
[17] Li, Y., Dong, X., Liu, Y., Li, J. and Wang, F., 2011. Improvement of decay resistance of wood via combination treatment on wood cell wall: Swell- bonding with maleic anhydride and graft copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65:1049-1087.
[18] Ohmae, K., Minato, K. and Norimoto, M., 2002. The analysis of dimensional changes due to chemical treatments and water soaking of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) wood. Holzforschung, 56: 98–102.
[19] Kolodziejczak- Radzimska, A. and Jesionowski, T., 2014. Zinc Oxide- From Synthesis to Application: A Review. Materials, 7:2833-2881.
[20] Krishnakumar, V., Kumar, K.M., Mandal, B.K. and Khan, F.R.N., 2012. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed Condensation Reaction of Isocoumarins and 1,7-Heptadiamine in the Formation of Bis Isoquinolinones. The Scientific World Journal: 1-7.
[21] Xiao, Z., Xie, Y., Militz, H. and Mai, C., 2010. Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood. Holzforschung, 64:475–482.
[22] Skaar, C., 1988. Wood-water relations. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
[23] Hill, C.A.S., 2008. The reduction in the fiber saturation point of wood due to chemical modification using anhydride reagents: a reappraisal. Holzforschung, 62:423–428.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2016
Pages 363-375

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics