Investigation of using rice hask and paper waste to make free copper brake lining

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

2 University of Tehran,

Abstract

In this study, the properties of non-copper and non- asbestos friction materials were investigated using cellulose waste to make brake pads. Friction materials including 20% cellulose waste (rice husk and paper waste) were used to make industrial brake linings and the shear strength, wear rate and friction coefficient of the linings according to the relevant standards were tested. The results showed that the average of shear strength of brake pads made of rice husk in normal condition was 35% and after heating was 24% higher than the brake linings made of paper waste. Also, the average of friction coefficient of linings made of rice husk in the thermal stages of wear and friction test was 35% higher than that of the brake linings made of paper waste and the wear rate of linings made of rice paddy was 67% less than linings made of paper waste.  Also, all the properties of brake linings made of rice husk met the standard requirements. Thus, it can be said that by utilization of rice husk without copper and asbestos, the desirable properties of the brake pads can be achieved, and this formulation can be used in the production of automobile brake linings.

Keywords


[1] Blau, P., 2001. Composition, functions and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. Journal of OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 64:1-23.
[2] Shinde, D. and Mistry, K. N., 2017. Asbestos base and asbestos free brake lining materials: Comparative study. International Journal of scientific world. 47-50.
[3] Moezzipour, A., Layeghi, M., Ebrahimi, G. and Akbari, B., 2014. Investigation of Possibility of Using Lignocellulosic Materials and Nano Alominum Oxide in Manufacture of Brake Lining. Journal of Forest and Wood Product, 67: 283-294.
[4] Ertan, R. and Yavuz, N., 2010. An experimental study on the effects of manufacturing parameters on the tribological properties of brake lining materials. Journal of Wear, 268: 1524-1532.
[5] Barros, L. Y., Poletto, J. C., Neis, P. D., Ferreira, C. H. and Pereira, H. S., 2019. Influence of copper on automotive brake performance. Journal of Wear, 426: 741-749.
[6] Wei, L., Choy, Y. S., Cheung, C. S. and jin, D., 2020. Tribology performance, airborne particle emission and brake squeal noise of copper-free friction materials. Journal of Wear, 448: 203215.
 [7] Zhang, J. Z., 2011. Copper-free friction material composition for brake pads, US Patent 8962711B2
[8] Aranganathan, N. and Bijwe, j., 2016. Development of copper-free eco-friendly brake-friction material using novel ingredients. Journal of Wear, 352: 79-91.
[9] Lee, P. W. and Filip, P., 2013. Friction and wear of Cu-free and Sb-free environmental friendly automotive brake materials. Journal of Wear, 302: 1404-1413.
[10] Mutlu, I., 2009. Investigation of tribological properties of brake pad by using rice straw and rice husk dust. Journal of Applied Science, 9: 377-381.
[11] Standard Test method for Road Cars - Brake Pads - Method of Cutting Resistance Test Disc Brake Pad, ISIRI, 2798.2013.
[12] Standard Test Method for Brake pads - test features and methods, ISIRI, 586. 2010.
[13] Desouza, A. G., Kanoa, F. S., Bonventa, J. and Rosa, D. 2017. Cellulose Nanostructures Obtained from Waste Paper Industry: A Comparison of Acid and Mechanical Isolation Methods, Journal of Mterials Research, 20.
[14] Mansaray, K. G. and Ghaly, A. E., 1997. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Rice Husks in an Air Atmosphere, Journal of Energy Sources, 20: 653-663.
 [15] Bharadwaj, A., Wang, Y., Sridhar, S. and Arunachalam, V. S., 2004. Pyrolysis of rice husk. Journal of Current Science, 87: 981-985.
[16] Shibata, K., Yamaguchi, T. and Hokkirigawa, K., 2014. Tribological behavior of RH ceramics made from rice husk sliding against stainless steel, alumina, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. Journal of Tribology International, 73: 187-194.
[17] Satapaty, B. K. and Bijwe, J., 2004. Performance of friction material of organic fibers. Journal of Wear, 257: 573-584.
 [18] Bagheri, S., 2003. Investigation of behavior of five various fibers in composition of brake lining. M. S. thesis. University of Science and Industry. 85pp.