Influence of the cellulose nanofibers on optical and mechanical strength of the historical paper relics

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Art university of isfahan, Faculty of conservation and restoration

2 Assistant Prof., Isfahan university of technology, Faculty of Chemistry

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers and its use as a strength enhancer to restore tensile strength and durability to historical paper relics. This research was conducted by analytical comparisons method and samples were collected by experiments related to research topics such as pH measurement, calorimetric and the measurement of tensile strength of the samples. In this study, treatment of cellulose nanofibers with weight percentages of 0.5, 1 and 2%, was prepared as a suspension with water and used to consolidation of the paper samples. The treatment was sprayed three times by 3.5 ml using spray can, then the treatment samples were thermally aged for 144 h at D776-92 ASTM, at a temperature of 105 °C. Next, changes of pH, color and tensile strength of the specimens were investigated. Results showed that the pH of the samples after treatment ranged from 6.98 to 7.17 and after the aging, pH of the samples was in the near alkaline range of 6.85 to 7.11. The tensile strength index of the samples also increased in all 3 concentrations after treatment, however after aging, the tensile strength index of the samples decreased compared with the previous phase. The highest tensile strength after treatment was observed in samples with 2% treatment at 28.2 and after aging 26. 3 Nm/g per meter.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Barkeshli, M., 2006. Historical and scientific analysis on sizing materials used in Iranian manuscripts and miniature paintings. Ayneye Miras, 4:307–24. (In Persian).
[2] Hummert, E., Henniges, U. and Potthast, A., 2013. Stabilisation Treatments with Aerosols: Evaluating the Penetration Behaviour of Gelatine and Methylcellulose. Restaurator, 34:134–171.
[3] Vinas, V., and Vinas, R., 1992. Les tehniques traditionnelles de restauration:un etude RAMP, UNESCO, Paris, 34.
[4] Zervos, S. and Alexopoulou, I. 2015. Paper conservation methods: a literature review. Cellulose, 22(5): 2859-2897.
[5] Weber, H., 1985. Conservation and Restoration of Natural Stone in Europe. Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, 17:15-23.
 [6] Ghorbani, M., Samanian, K., Afsharpour, M. and Sabet Jazari, A., 2017. Introducing and Comparing Methods for Consolidation of Paper records and Suggesting the Use of Cellulose Nano-Fibers for Conservation of such records. GANJINE-YE ASNAD, 26(4): 110-131. (In Persian).
[7] Hadilam, M., Afra, E., Yousefi, H., and Ghasemian, A., 2012. Investigate Resistive and barrier against moisture behavior of cellulose paper containing Nanofiber cellulose. First National Conference on Nanotechnology and its Applications in Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of Tehran – Karaj, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (In Persian).
 [8] Aliniyay Lakani, S., and Afra, E., 2011. Nanofiber Cellulose and its Application in Improving Paper Properties. First National Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Islamic Azad University of Shahrood. (In Persian).
 [9] Xu, Sh., Girouard, N., Schueneman, G., Shofner, M.L. and Meredith, J.C., 2013. Mechanical and thermal properties of waterborne epoxy composites containing cellulose nanocrystals. Polymer Journal, 54 (24): 6589- 6598.
[10] Lopez-Suevos, F., Eyholzer, C., Bordeanu, N. and Richter, K., 2010. DMA analysis and wood bonding of PVAc latex reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils. Cellulose, 17 (2): 387-398.
[11] Dreyfuss-Deseigne, R., 2017. Nanocellulose Films in Art Conservation. Paper Conservation, 18(1): 18-29.
[12] Dreyfuss-Deseigne, R., 2017. A New Mending Material: Nanocellulose Film. Journal of Paper Conservation, 18(1): 36-37.
[13] Volke, L., Ahn, K., Hahner, U., Gindl Altmutter, W. and Potthast, A., 2017. Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation. Heritage science, 5(23): 2-17.
[14] Standard test methods for Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Constant rate of elongation method (100 mm/min)-Test method. Standard national organization of Iran. 14471-3, 2013. (In Persian).
[15] Standard Test Method for Determination of Effect of Dry Heat on Properties of Paper and Board, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 10.01, D 776 – 92, 2001.
[16] Standard test methods for Paper, board and pulp- Determination of pH of aqueous extracts- Part 1: Cold extraction. Standard national organization of Iran. 3568-1, 2007. (In Persian).
[17] Holik, H., 2006. Handbook of paper and board, John Wiley & Sons, 32p.
[18] Feller, R., 2001. Color science in the Examination of museum objects. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Trust.
[19] Ferrer, N., and Sistach, M. C., 2007. FTIR Technique Used to Study Acidic Paper Manuscripts Dating from the Thirteenth to the Sixteenth Century from the Archive of the Crown of Aragón, The Book and Paper Group Annual, 21-26.
[20] Ariafar, A., Samanian. K. and Afsharpour. M., 2015. Optimization of CMC against microorganism factors with nanoparticles Titanium Deoxide using for promotion of this polymer quality protection in restoration of paper document. Ganjineh Asnad Journal, 25: 116-140. (In Persian).
[21] Bogaard, J. and Whitmore, P., 2001. Effects of dilute calcium washing treatments on paper. Journal of the American institute for conservation, 40: 105-123.
[22] Rosenau, T., Potthast, A., Krainz, K., Yoneda, Y., Dietz, T., Shields, Z.P.I. and French, A.D., 2011. Chromophores in cellulosics, VI. First isolation and identification of residual chromophores from agedcotton linters, Springer Science Business Media, 18(4): 1623–1633.
[23] Dadmohamadi, K., Azadi Bouyaghchi, M. and Abed Esfahani, A., 2017. Identifying the function of rehabilitated and activated methyl cellulose glue for preparation of tissues used in restoration of paper works, Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 8(2): 171-183.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 11, Issue 4
March 2021
Pages 683-692

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics