Assesement of the Biodegradability of Composites produced from Poly-Lactic Acid and Bamboo Flour

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. student., Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, Department of wood and paper science and technology, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Senior lecturer, Department of wood science and engineering, Technical faculty of No. 2, Mazandaran branch, Technical and vocational university (TVU), Sari, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biodegradability of composites made from bamboo flour and poly lactic acid using physical properties and biodurability examinations. On the other hand, the effect of the amount and size of the bamboo flour particles on the physical properties and durability of the biocomposites was another objective of the research. the bamboo flour and polymer were mixed up in a counter-rotating twin screw extruder. the biocomposites boards were produced by compression molding method. The samples were cut and evaluated according to the suggested specifications in the ASTM and EN-113 standards. The results showed that the thickness swelling and water absorption of the composites were increased significantly by increasing the amount and size of bamboo flour particles. Also, biodurability of the biocomposites samples against the studied three fungi species showed that Gloeophyllum trabeum sharply caused high mass losses in all samples by increasing the amount of bamboo flour, while pure polymer (PLA) had a very high durability against the fungi.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Barbosa Jr, V., Ramires, E C., Razera, I. A. T., and Frollini, E., 2010. Biobased composites from tannin–phenolic polymers reinforced with coir fibers. Industrial Crops and Products, 32(3), 305-312.
[2] Mohanty, A. Q., Misra, M. and Drzal, L. T., 2002. Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources: opportunities and challenges in the green materials world. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 10(1-2):19-26.‏
[3] Rosa, D., Rodrigues, T., Guedes, C. and Calil, M., 2003. Effect of thermal aging on the biodegradation of PCL, PHBV and their blends with starch in soil compost. Journal Applied Polymer Science, 89(13):3539–3546.
[4] Zini, E., Baiardo, M., Armelao, L.and Scandola, M., 2004. Biodegradable Polyesters Reinforced with Surface‐Modified Vegetable Fibers. Macromolecular bioscience, 4(3): 286-295.‏
[5] Puglia, D., Tomassucc,i A.and Kenny, J., 2003. Processing, properties and stability of biodegradable composites based on Mater-Biw and cellulose fibres. Polymer Advance Technology, 14(11-12):749–756.
[6] Vink, E. T., Rabago, K. R., Glassner, D. A.and Gruber, P. R., 2003. Applications of life cycle assessment to NatureWorks™ polylactide (PLA) production. Polymer Degradation and stability, 80(3): 403-419.‏
[7] Faruk, O., Bledzki, A. K., Fink, H. P.and Sain, M., 2012. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Progress in polymer science, 37(11): 1552-1596.‏
[8] Drumright, R. E., Gruber, P. R.and Henton, D. E., 2000. Polylactic acid technology. Advanced materials, 12(23):1841-1846.‏
[9] Pilla, S., Gong, S., O'Neill, E., Rowell, R. M. and Krzysik, A. M., 2008. Polylactide‐pine wood flour composites. Polymer Engineering & Science, 48(3): 578-587.‏
[10] Huda, M. S., Drzal, L. T., Misra, M., Mohanty, A. K., Williams, K. and Mielewski, D. F., 2005. A study on biocomposites from recycled newspaper fiber and poly (lactic acid). Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 44(15): 5593-5601.‏
[11] Febrianto, F., Yoshioka, M., Nagai, Y., Mihara, M. and Shiraishi, N., 2001. Composites of wood and t rans-1, 4-isoprene rubber II: Processing conditions for production of the composites. Wood Science and Technology, 35(4): 297-310.‏
[12] Balasuriya, P. W., Ye, L., Mai, Y. W. and Wu, J., 2002. Mechanical properties of wood flake–polyethylene composites. II. Interface modification. Journal of applied polymer science, 83(12), 2505-2521.‏
[13] Holbery, J.and Houston, D., 2006. Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. Journal of Miner Metal Mater, 58(11), 80-86.‏
[14] Summerscales, J., Dissanayake, N., Virk, A. and Hall, W., 2010. A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 2–Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10): 1336-1344.
[15] Sodjoudi, M.E.and Hemmati, A.R., 1993. Bamboo the Green Gold. Tehran. Building and Housing ResearchCenter,110pp. (In Persian).
[16] Scurlock, J.M.O., Dayton, D.C. and Hames, B., 2000. Bamboo: an overlooked biomass resource Biomass and Bioenergy, 19 (4), 229-244.
[17] Staki, M. and davazdaimami, S., 2012. A completed Guidelines for Growing & Conserving Lucky Bamboo.Tehran, Agricultural Extension and Education, 130pp. (In Persian).
[18] Ho, M. P., Lau, K. T., Wang, H.and Hui, D., 2015. Improvement on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA)  using bamboo charcoal particles. Composites Part B: Engineering, 81(1):14-25.‏
[19] Arao, Y., Fujiura, T., Itani, S. and Tanaka, T., 2015. Strength improvement in injection-molded jute-fiber-reinforced polylactide green-composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 68 (2): 200-206.
[20] Oksman, K. and Lindberg, H., 1998. Influence of thermoplastic elastomers on adhesion in polyethylene-wood   flour composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 68(11): 1845-1855.
[21] Morrell, J.J., Stark, N.M., Pendleton, D.E. and McDonald, A.G., 2006. Durability of Wood-Plastic Composites. Wood Design Focus, 16(3):7- 10.
[22] Fabiyi, S., Morrell, J.and Freitag, C., 2011. Effects of wood species on durability and chemical changes of fungal decayed wood plastic composites. Composites: Part A, 42(5): 501-510.
[23] Allahdady, M., Hedjazi, S., Jonoobi, M., Abdulkhani, A. and Jamalirad, L., 2017. Biodegradation behaviors and color change off composites based on type of bagasse pulp/polylactic acid. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries. 8 (1): 1-13. (In Persain).
[24] ASTM D-6400-04., 2004. Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,
[25] ASTM D 7031.,2005. Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products.
[26] Hassani, S., Hosseini Hashemi, s.kh., Farsi, R. and Jahan Latibari, A., 2015. Identification and comparison of oil compounds derived from pyrolysis of beach sound wood and decayed wood using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research. 30 (2), 243-255. (In Persian).
[27] BS EN 113:1997. Standard test methods for Wood preservatives. Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes. Determination of the toxic values.
[28] Herrera-Estrada, L., Pillay, S.and Vaidya, U., 2008. Banana Fiber Composites for Automotive and Transportation Applications Automotive. composites conference exhibition. P.16-18.
[29] Du, Y., Yan, N., Kortschot, T. and Farnood, R., 2014. Fabrication an characterization of fully biodegradable natural fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites. Composites: Part B, 56(2): 717–723.
[30] Onuegbu, C.G. and Igwe, I.O., 2011. The Effects of filler contents and particle sizes on the mechanical and end-use properties of snail shell powder filled polypropylene. Materials Sciences and Application, 2(7): 811-817.
[31] Arjmand F, Barmar M. and Barikani M, 2012. Investigating the effect of isocyanate modification of wood fiber on the physical-mechanical properties and torque rheometry of wood-polyethylene composite. Mechanics of Structures and Fluxes, 1(2): 1-12.‏(In Persian).
[32] Qian, S., Sheng, K., Yao, W. and Yu, H., 2016. Poly (lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced with ultrafine bamboo‐char: Morphology, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(20):1-9.
[33] Yang, H. S., Kim, H.J., Park, H. J., Lee, B. J. and Hwang, T. S., 2006. Water absorption behavior and mechanical properties of lignocellulosic fillerpolyolefin bio-composites. Composite Structures,72(4): 429–437.
[34] Li, Y., Pickering, K. L. and Farrell, R. L., 2009. Analysis of green hemp fibre reinforced composites using bag retting and white rot fungal treatments. Industrial crops and products, 29(2-3): 420-426.
[35] Cassens, D., Johnson, B. R., Feist, W. C. and DeGroot, R. C., 1995. Selection and use of preservative-treated wood. Forest Products Society,154p.
[36] Unger, A., Schniewind, A. and Unger, W., 2001. Conservation of wood artifacts: a handbook. Springer Science and Business Media.‏790p.
[37] Liu, L., Hicks, K.B. and Liu, C.K., 2005. Biodegradable Composites from Sugar Beet Pulp and Poly(lactic acid). Agricultural and food chemistry, 53(23):9017-9022.
[38] Mankowski, M. and Morrel, J.J., 2000. Patterns of fungal attack in wood-plastic composites following exposure in a soil block test. Wood and Fibre Science,32(3): 340-345.
[39] Bari, E., Taghiyari, HR., Schmidt, O., Ghorbani, A. and Aghababaei, H., 2015. Effects of nano-clay on biological resistance of wood-plastic composite against five wood-deteriorating fungi. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol,17(1):205-212.
[40] Bari, E., Sistani, A., Taghiyari, HR., Morrell, JJ. And Cappellazzi, J., 2017. Influence of test method on biodegradation of bamboo-plastic composites by fungi. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol; 19(4): 455-462.
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 9, Issue 4
March 2019
Pages 537-548

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics