بررسی اثر افزودنی‌های مختلف بر ویژگی‌های کاغذ تهیه شده از آخال سفید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سوادکوه، گروه چوب و کاغذ، سوادکوه، ایران

2 دپارتمان مکانیک، دانشکده انقلاب اسلامی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای استان تهران، ایران.

3 عضو هیأت علمی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

چکیده

به­منظور مقایسه اثرهای مستقل و ترکیبی 4 نوع افزودنی شامل نانوالیاف سلولزی، پلی‌اکریل‌آمید کاتیونی، نشاسته کاتیونی و الیاف بلند وارداتی در ساخت کاغذ تهیه‌شده از آخال سفید این بررسی انجام شد. تیمارهای مستقل شامل افزودن 15 درصد خمیرکاغذ الیاف بلند، 3 درصد نانوالیاف سلولز، 75/0 درصد نشاسته کاتیونی و 07/0 درصد پلی‌اکریل‌آمید کاتیونی بودند. تیمارهای ترکیبی شامل افزودن ابتدا 75/0 درصد نشاسته و 3 درصد نانوالیاف سلولزی و نیز 07/0 درصد پلی‌اکریل‌آمید کاتیونی و 3 درصد نانوالیاف سلولزی بودند. کاغذهای دست­ساز 60 گرمی از 7 ترکیب خمیرکاغذ ساخته شد و در نهایت خواص فیزیکی، مکانیکی و ساختار میکروسکوپی کاغذها بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزودن الیاف بلند وارداتی، نشاسته کاتیونی، پلی‌آکریل-آمید و نانوالیاف سلولزی دانسیته کاغذهای دست­ساز نسبت به شاهد کمی کاهش‌یافته است. بیشترین صافی سطح مربوط به تیمارهای ترکیبی نانوالیاف سلولزی است که می­تواند موجب بهبود چاپ پذیری سطح کاغذ شود، اما افزایش مقاومت به عبور هوا و نیز کاهش قابلیت آبگیری ورقه کاغذ با افزودن نانوالیاف سلولزی، می­تواند باعث بروز مشکلاتی در ماشین چاپ و ماشین کاغذ شود. میانگین شاخص مقاومت کششی، ترکیدن و پاره شدن کاغذهای دست­ساز با افزودن 15 درصد خمیر الیاف بلند بیشترین افزایش را داشته و پس‌ازآن، استفاده از 75/0 درصد نشاسته کاتیونی به­صورت مستقل موجب بهبود هر سه مقاومت مذکور نسبت به سایر تیمارها شده است. عکس­های میکروسکوپ الکترونی حاکی از کاهش نسبی خلل ‌و فرج در کاغذهای دست­ساز تهیه‌شده از تیمارهای ترکیبی نانوالیاف سلولزی است که می­تواند بر قابلیت آبگیری خمیرکاغذ تهیه‌شده از آخال سفید اثر منفی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

[1] Ghaffari, M., Ghasemian, A., Resalati, H., and Asadpour, G., 2012. Determination of the optimum use of cationic starch on the basis of the mechanical strengths of mixed OCC and virgin NSSC pulps. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 2(2): 121-133.

[2]   Akbarpour, I., 2009. Enzymatic deinking of old newspaper. M.SC thesis. Agricultural sciences & natural resources university of gorgan.121 pages. (In Persion)

[3]   Leponiemi, A., 2011. Fibres and energy from wheat straw by simple practice. VTT publications, Aalto University.

[4]   Rahmaninia, M., and Khosravani, A., 2015. Improving the paper recycling process of old corrugated container wastes. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 49(2): 203-208.

[5]   Tajik, M., Resalati, H., Hamzeh, Y., Torshizi, H.J., Kermanian, H., and Kord, B., 2016. Improving the Properties of Soda Bagasse Pulp by Using Cellulose Nanofibers in the Presence of Cationic Polyacrylamide. BioResources, 11(4): 9126-9141.

[6]   Jalali, T.H. Zare, B.S., Ramezani, O., and Rudi, H., 2016. Effect of nano silica and cationic polyacrylamide on retention, drainage and strength properties of recycled paper from OCC. Forest and Wood Products., 68(4). 771- 784. (In Persian).

[7]   Li, T., Fan, J., Chen, W., Shu, J., Qian, X., Wei, H., Wang, Q., and Shen, J., 2016. Coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules as a basis for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper production. Carbohydrate polymers, 149: 20-27.

[8]   Ebrahim Berisa, R., and Tavakoli, H., 2015. Starch Application as a Dry-strength Additive in Papermaking, Polymerization, 5(3): 90-101. (In Persian).

[9]   Adel, A.M., El-Gendy, A.A., Diab, M.A., Abou-Zeid, R.E., El-Zawawy, W.K., and Dufresne, A., 2016. Microfibrillated cellulose from agricultural residues. Part I: Papermaking application. Industrial Crops and Products, 93: 161-174.

[10] Osong, S.H., Norgren, S., and Engstrand, P., 2016. Processing of woodbased microfibrillated cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose, and applications relating to papermaking: a review. Cellulose., 23(1): 93-123.

[11] Vallejos, M.E., Felissia, F.E., Area, M.C., Ehman, N.V., Tarrés, Q., and Mutjé, P., 2016. Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) from eucalyptus sawdust as a dry strength agent of unrefined eucalyptus handsheets. Carbohydrate polymers, 139: 99-105.

[12] Afra, E., 2005. The Fundamentals of Paper Properties, Aeej Publication, Tehran, 338 p. (In Persian).

[13] Pourkarim Dodangeh, H., and Jalali Torshizi, H., 2018. The effect of cellulose nanofibres on cationic starch efficiency in pulp and paper recycled from packaging waste paper. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 9(2): 187-197.

[14] Niskanen, K., 1998. Paper Physics, Papermaking Science and Technology Series, Gullichsen, J., and Paulapuro, H. eds. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, , Finland, 324 p.

[15] Afra, E., Eskandari, M., Resalati, H., and Dehghani-Firouzabadi, M.R., 2014. Comparison of the Physical, Mechanical and Optical Properties Paper Treated with Nanoclay and Homogenized Nanoclay. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 21(3): 131-148.

[16] Elyasi-Bakhtyari, S., Jalali-Torshizi, H. and Resalati, H., 2016. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Sizing of Recycled-Virgin Cardboard with Engineered Heterogeneous Layers under Neutral and Alkaline Condition, Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 23: 1-20.

[17] Hamzeh, Y., and Rostampour-Haftkhani, A., 2008. Principales of Pepermaking Chemistry. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 424 p. (In Persian).

[18] Asadpour, G., Resalati, H., Dehghani, M. R., Ghasemian, A., and Mohammad Nazhad, M., 2015. Comparison of using single and dual retention aid system on newspaper pulp properties. Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 22(2): 75-93. (In Persian).

[19] Goli, M., Zabihzade, M., Mahdavi, S., and Sadaghifar, H., 2016. The effect of TCF bleaching before and after refining on the CMP pulp properties. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 31(3): 510-521. (In Persian).

[20] Naijian, F., Resalati, H., Rudi, H. R., Jalali-Torshizi, H., and Pirmoradian, K., 2017. Effect of alum-cationic rosin consumption level on the properties of papers made from recycled white sheets trimmings. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 32(2): 238-250.

[21] Lee, C. K., Ibrahim, D., Ibrahim, C. O., and Daud, W. R. W., 2011. Enzymatic and chemical deinking of mixed office wastepaper and old newspaper: paper quality and effluent characteristics. BioResources, 6(4): 3859-3875.

[22] Pathak, P., Bhardwaj, N. K., and Singh, A. K., 2011. Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper. BioResources, 6(1): 447-463.

[23] Kiaei, M., Samariha, A., and Farsi, M., 2016. Effects of montmorillonite clay on mechanical and morphological properties of papers made with cationic starch and neutral sulfite semichemical or old corrugated container pulps, BioResources, 11(2): 4990-5002.

[24] Rezayati Charani, P., Moradian, M. H., and Saadatnia, M. A., 2018. Sequence analysis using cellulose nanofibers, cationic starch and polyacrylamide in the paper tensile strength. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 25(3): 73-82.

[25] Latibari, A.J., Khosravani, A., and Nabavi, S.M.H., 2011. Application of Micro and Nanoparticles in Papermaking. Aeej Publication, Tehran, 216 p. (In Persian(.

[26] Pourkarim Dodangeh, H., Jalali Torshizi, H., and Rudi, H., 2021. Cationic PolyAcrylamide/ Cellulose Nanofibril Polyelectrolytes Effect on Suspension and Network Properties of Packaging Recycled fibers. Journal of Applied Research of Chemical-Polymer Engineering, 5(1): 3-15.

[27] Ek, M., Gellerstedt, G. and Henriksson, G., 2014. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology, Volume 4, Paper Products Physics and Technology, 251 p.

[28] Heermann, M. L., Welter, S. R., and Hubbe, M. A., 2006. Effects of high treatment levels in a dry-strength additive program based on deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes: How much glue is too much. TAPPI journal, 5(6): 9.

[29] Lagaron, J.M., Catala, R., and Gavara, R., 2004, Structural characteristics defining high barrier properties in polymeric materials, Materials Science and Technology, 20: 1–7.

[30] Main, N. M., Talib, R. A., Rahman, R. A., Mohamed, A. Z., Ibrahim, R., and Adnan, S., 2015. Effect of amphoteric and cationic polyacrylamide on the structural and strength properties of coir paper. Procedia Manufacturing, 2: 28-34.

[31] Afra, A., Mohammadi, M., Imani, R., Narchin, P. and Roshani, Sh., 2015. Improving the antibacterial properties of hygiene papres using silver nanoparticles. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research, 22(2): 119–135.

[32] Kang, T., 2007. Role of external fibrillation in pulp and paper properties. Helsinki University of Technology. 41 p.

مراجع

[1] Ghaffari, M., Ghasemian, A., Resalati, H., and Asadpour, G., 2012. Determination of the optimum use of cationic starch on the basis of the mechanical strengths of mixed OCC and virgin NSSC pulps. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 2(2): 121-133.
[2]   Akbarpour, I., 2009. Enzymatic deinking of old newspaper. M.SC thesis. Agricultural sciences & natural resources university of gorgan.121 pages. (In Persion)
[3]   Leponiemi, A., 2011. Fibres and energy from wheat straw by simple practice. VTT publications, Aalto University.
[4]   Rahmaninia, M., and Khosravani, A., 2015. Improving the paper recycling process of old corrugated container wastes. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 49(2): 203-208.
[5]   Tajik, M., Resalati, H., Hamzeh, Y., Torshizi, H.J., Kermanian, H., and Kord, B., 2016. Improving the Properties of Soda Bagasse Pulp by Using Cellulose Nanofibers in the Presence of Cationic Polyacrylamide. BioResources, 11(4): 9126-9141.
[6]   Jalali, T.H. Zare, B.S., Ramezani, O., and Rudi, H., 2016. Effect of nano silica and cationic polyacrylamide on retention, drainage and strength properties of recycled paper from OCC. Forest and Wood Products., 68(4). 771- 784. (In Persian).
[7]   Li, T., Fan, J., Chen, W., Shu, J., Qian, X., Wei, H., Wang, Q., and Shen, J., 2016. Coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules as a basis for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper production. Carbohydrate polymers, 149: 20-27.
[8]   Ebrahim Berisa, R., and Tavakoli, H., 2015. Starch Application as a Dry-strength Additive in Papermaking, Polymerization, 5(3): 90-101. (In Persian).
[9]   Adel, A.M., El-Gendy, A.A., Diab, M.A., Abou-Zeid, R.E., El-Zawawy, W.K., and Dufresne, A., 2016. Microfibrillated cellulose from agricultural residues. Part I: Papermaking application. Industrial Crops and Products, 93: 161-174.
[10] Osong, S.H., Norgren, S., and Engstrand, P., 2016. Processing of woodbased microfibrillated cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose, and applications relating to papermaking: a review. Cellulose., 23(1): 93-123.
[11] Vallejos, M.E., Felissia, F.E., Area, M.C., Ehman, N.V., Tarrés, Q., and Mutjé, P., 2016. Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) from eucalyptus sawdust as a dry strength agent of unrefined eucalyptus handsheets. Carbohydrate polymers, 139: 99-105.
[12] Afra, E., 2005. The Fundamentals of Paper Properties, Aeej Publication, Tehran, 338 p. (In Persian).
[13] Pourkarim Dodangeh, H., and Jalali Torshizi, H., 2018. The effect of cellulose nanofibres on cationic starch efficiency in pulp and paper recycled from packaging waste paper. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 9(2): 187-197.
[14] Niskanen, K., 1998. Paper Physics, Papermaking Science and Technology Series, Gullichsen, J., and Paulapuro, H. eds. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, , Finland, 324 p.
[15] Afra, E., Eskandari, M., Resalati, H., and Dehghani-Firouzabadi, M.R., 2014. Comparison of the Physical, Mechanical and Optical Properties Paper Treated with Nanoclay and Homogenized Nanoclay. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 21(3): 131-148.
[16] Elyasi-Bakhtyari, S., Jalali-Torshizi, H. and Resalati, H., 2016. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Sizing of Recycled-Virgin Cardboard with Engineered Heterogeneous Layers under Neutral and Alkaline Condition, Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 23: 1-20.
[17] Hamzeh, Y., and Rostampour-Haftkhani, A., 2008. Principales of Pepermaking Chemistry. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 424 p. (In Persian).
[18] Asadpour, G., Resalati, H., Dehghani, M. R., Ghasemian, A., and Mohammad Nazhad, M., 2015. Comparison of using single and dual retention aid system on newspaper pulp properties. Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 22(2): 75-93. (In Persian).
[19] Goli, M., Zabihzade, M., Mahdavi, S., and Sadaghifar, H., 2016. The effect of TCF bleaching before and after refining on the CMP pulp properties. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 31(3): 510-521. (In Persian).
[20] Naijian, F., Resalati, H., Rudi, H. R., Jalali-Torshizi, H., and Pirmoradian, K., 2017. Effect of alum-cationic rosin consumption level on the properties of papers made from recycled white sheets trimmings. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 32(2): 238-250.
[21] Lee, C. K., Ibrahim, D., Ibrahim, C. O., and Daud, W. R. W., 2011. Enzymatic and chemical deinking of mixed office wastepaper and old newspaper: paper quality and effluent characteristics. BioResources, 6(4): 3859-3875.
[22] Pathak, P., Bhardwaj, N. K., and Singh, A. K., 2011. Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper. BioResources, 6(1): 447-463.
[23] Kiaei, M., Samariha, A., and Farsi, M., 2016. Effects of montmorillonite clay on mechanical and morphological properties of papers made with cationic starch and neutral sulfite semichemical or old corrugated container pulps, BioResources, 11(2): 4990-5002.
[24] Rezayati Charani, P., Moradian, M. H., and Saadatnia, M. A., 2018. Sequence analysis using cellulose nanofibers, cationic starch and polyacrylamide in the paper tensile strength. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 25(3): 73-82.
[25] Latibari, A.J., Khosravani, A., and Nabavi, S.M.H., 2011. Application of Micro and Nanoparticles in Papermaking. Aeej Publication, Tehran, 216 p. (In Persian(.
[26] Pourkarim Dodangeh, H., Jalali Torshizi, H., and Rudi, H., 2021. Cationic PolyAcrylamide/ Cellulose Nanofibril Polyelectrolytes Effect on Suspension and Network Properties of Packaging Recycled fibers. Journal of Applied Research of Chemical-Polymer Engineering, 5(1): 3-15.
[27] Ek, M., Gellerstedt, G. and Henriksson, G., 2014. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology, Volume 4, Paper Products Physics and Technology, 251 p.
[28] Heermann, M. L., Welter, S. R., and Hubbe, M. A., 2006. Effects of high treatment levels in a dry-strength additive program based on deposition of polyelectrolyte complexes: How much glue is too much. TAPPI journal, 5(6): 9.
[29] Lagaron, J.M., Catala, R., and Gavara, R., 2004, Structural characteristics defining high barrier properties in polymeric materials, Materials Science and Technology, 20: 1–7.
[30] Main, N. M., Talib, R. A., Rahman, R. A., Mohamed, A. Z., Ibrahim, R., and Adnan, S., 2015. Effect of amphoteric and cationic polyacrylamide on the structural and strength properties of coir paper. Procedia Manufacturing, 2: 28-34.
[31] Afra, A., Mohammadi, M., Imani, R., Narchin, P. and Roshani, Sh., 2015. Improving the antibacterial properties of hygiene papres using silver nanoparticles. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research, 22(2): 119–135.
[32] Kang, T., 2007. Role of external fibrillation in pulp and paper properties. Helsinki University of Technology. 41 p.
مجله صنایع چوب و کاغذ ایران
دوره 13، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 119-131

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