Mechanical properties of Beech -Furfuryl alcohol wood polymer

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

In this study, mechanical properties of wood polymer (beech-furfuryl alcohol) were investigated. In this regard, the properties of specimens with three different values of furfurylation (20%, 30% and 65%) in comparison with control specimens were evaluated. The furfurylation was carried out with impregnation of specimens with full-cell method followed by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol monomer with heat catalyst. Static bending, tension perpendicular to the grain, compression parallel and perpendicular to the grain, shear parallel to the grain and hardness of specimens were determined according to ASTM D-143. Results have shown that with increasing furfurylation, static bending strength increases and tension perpendicular to the grain decreases. In addition, the compression perpendicular to the grain and shear parallel to the grain in specimens with high furfurylation value increases in comparison with control specimens. The radial hardness of the wood polymer sp­ecimens in comparison with control specimens increases greatly and ascendant trend of specimen's hardness was observed being increasing with furfurylation value.

Keywords

References

[1]     Esteves, B., Nunes, L. and Pereira, H., 2011. Properties of furfurylated wood(Pinus pinaster), European Journal Wood Product, 69:521–525
[2]     Goldstein, I.S., 1955. The impregnation of wood to impart resistance to alkali and acid, Forest product journal, 5(4):265–267.
[3]     Goldstein, I.S., 1960. Impregnation solutions and methods. Patent GB846680.
[4]     Goldstein, I.S. and Dreher, W.A., 1960. Stable furfuryl alcohol impregnating solution, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52(1): 57–58.
[5]     Anaya, M., Alvarez, A., Novoa, J., Gonzalez, M. and Mora, M., 1984. Modification of wood with furfuryl alcohol. Revista sobre los Derivados de la Cana de Azucar, 18(1): 49–53.
[6]     Anaya, M., 1987. Impregnation procedure based on furfuryl alcohol monomer into wood and other materials, Cuban patent CU21453
[7]     Schneider, M.H., 1995. New cell wall and cell lumen wood polymer composites, Journal Wood Science Technology, 29:135–158
[8]     Westin, M., 1995. Development and evaluation of new alternativewood preservation treatments. Mid-term status report to theSwedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research (SJFR).(In Swedish with English summary).
[9]     Westin, M., Ohlsson, B., Simonson, R. and Nilsson, T., 1996. In Proceedings of the 212th ACS. National Meeting, Orlando, FL, USA, August 25–29.
[10] Lande, S., Westin, M. and Schneider, M., 2004. Properties of furfurylatedwood, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19(5):22–30.
[11] Epmeier, H., Johansson, M., Kliger, R. and Westin, M., 2007. Bending creepperformance ofmodified timber, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 65:343–351.
[12] Lande, S., Riel, S., Hoibo, O.A. and Schneider, MH., 2010. Development of chemometric models based on near infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis for predicting the treatment level of furfurylated Scots pine, Wood Science and Technology, 44:189–203.
[13] Dunlop, A.P. and Peters, F.N., 1953. Miscellaneous solvent uses, The Furans, Reinhold Publishing Corp. New York, NY. Pp 764-773
[14] Thygesen, L.G., Barsberg, S. and Venas, TM., 2010. The fluorescence characteristics of furfurylated wood studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, Wood Science and Technology, 44:51–65
[15]  ASTM D 143-94 Standard (1994) Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. Designation, West Conshohocken, 31p.
[16] Lande, S., Westin, M. and Schneider, M., 2008. Development of modifiedwood products based on furanchemistry, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 484:367-378
[17] Langwig, J.E., Meyer, J.A. and Davidson, R.W., 1968. Influence of polymer impregnation on mechanical properties of bass-wood, Forest Product Journal, 18(7):33-36.
[18] Langwig, J.E., Meyer, J.A. and Davidson, R.W., 1969. New monomers used in making wood – plastic, Forest Product Journal, 19(10):57-61.
[19] Schneider, M.H., Phillips, J.G., Tingley, D.A. and Brebner, K.I., 1990. Mechanical properties of polymer-impregnated sugar maple. Forest Product Journal, 40 (1), 37–41.
[20] Siau, J.F., Davidson, R.W., Meyer, J.A., Skaar, C., 1968. A geometrical model for wood– polymer composites. Wood Science, 1(2), 116–128.
[21] Ebrahimi G, 1998. Mechanics of wood and wood composites, 2nd ed. Tehran university publication, Tehran, Iran, 686p.
[22] Pranger, L. and Tannenbaum R., 2008. Biobased nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization offurfuryl alcohol with cellulose whiskers or montmorillonite clay, Macromolecules, 41 (22): 8682-8687.
[23] Gonzalez, R., Figueroa, J.M. and Gonzalez, H., 2002. Furfuryl alcohol polymerization by iodine methylene chloride, European Polymer Journal, 38:287-297.
[24] Buchelt, B., Dietrich, T. and Wagenführ, A., 2012. Macroscopic and microscopic monitoring of swelling of beech wood after impregnation with furfuryl alcohol, European Journal Wood Product, 70 (6):865-869.
[25] Brebner, K.I., Schneider, M.H. and St-Pierre, L.E., 1985. Flexural strength of polymer- impregnated eastern white pine, Forest Product Journal, 35(2):22-27.
[26] Neyestani, F. 1987. Effect of several improvement approaches on the Iranian domestic wood species for utilization in loom industry, M.Sc. Thesis, department of wood science and technology, Tehran University, 88 p.
[27] Ebrahimi G, 1998. Mechanical strengths of wood and its element and analysis of wood- based composites panel warping, first ed. Tehran university publication, Tehran, Iran, 380p.
 
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
November 2013
Pages 131-140

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics